{
  "threat_severity" : "Important",
  "public_date" : "2026-04-06T00:00:00Z",
  "bugzilla" : {
    "description" : "libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file()",
    "id" : "2451615",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2451615"
  },
  "cvss3" : {
    "cvss3_base_score" : "6.7",
    "cvss3_scoring_vector" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "status" : "verified"
  },
  "cwe" : "CWE-367",
  "details" : [ "A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.", "A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation." ],
  "statement" : "This is an Important flaw. A Time-of-Check-to-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in libcap's cap_set_file() allows a local unprivileged user to escalate privileges. An attacker with write access to a parent directory can exploit a narrow window during file capability updates to redirect capabilities to an attacker-controlled file. This can lead to the injection of elevated privileges into an unintended executable when privileged processes, such as setcap or container tooling, invoke cap_set_file() on attacker-influenced paths.",
  "acknowledgement" : "Red Hat would like to thank Ali Raza for reporting this issue.",
  "affected_release" : [ {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
    "release_date" : "2026-04-30T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:12423",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.69-7.el10_1.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:19130",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.69-7.el10_2.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-20T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:19456",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.69-7.el10_0.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-04T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:13285",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.48-6.el8_10.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-04-30T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:12441",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.48-10.el9_7.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:19346",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.48-10.el9_8.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-04-30T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:12441",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.48-10.el9_7.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-19T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:19346",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.48-10.el9_8.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-26T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:20595",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.48-9.el9_4.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-20T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:19458",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6",
    "package" : "libcap-0:2.48-9.el9_6.1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Discovery 2",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-07T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:14937",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9",
    "package" : "discovery/discovery-server-rhel9:1778101579"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Discovery 2",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-07T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:14937",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9",
    "package" : "discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:1778156756"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Hardened Images",
    "release_date" : "2026-04-10T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:7473",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1",
    "package" : "libcap-main-2.78-1.1.hum1"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-06T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:14162",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9",
    "package" : "rhosdt/opentelemetry-collector-rhel9:1778056267"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-06T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:14162",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9",
    "package" : "rhosdt/opentelemetry-rhel9-operator:1778056233"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3",
    "release_date" : "2026-05-06T00:00:00Z",
    "advisory" : "RHSA-2026:14162",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9",
    "package" : "rhosdt/opentelemetry-target-allocator-rhel9:1778056245"
  } ],
  "package_state" : [ {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
    "fix_state" : "Out of support scope",
    "package_name" : "compat-libcap1",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
    "fix_state" : "Out of support scope",
    "package_name" : "libcap",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
    "fix_state" : "Out of support scope",
    "package_name" : "compat-libcap1",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
    "fix_state" : "Out of support scope",
    "package_name" : "libcap",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
  }, {
    "product_name" : "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4",
    "fix_state" : "Affected",
    "package_name" : "rhcos",
    "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4"
  } ],
  "references" : [ "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-4878\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4878\nhttps://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447554" ],
  "name" : "CVE-2026-4878",
  "mitigation" : {
    "value" : "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base, or stability.",
    "lang" : "en:us"
  },
  "csaw" : false
}